High and specific energy needs
Pharmaceutical and biotech sites are among the most energy-hungry because of highly demanding equipment (cleanrooms, autoclaves, HVAC, etc.). Regulations (Tertiary Decree, CSRD) require measured reductions, but optimisation remains difficult because process quality takes precedence over everything.
Rising costs that are hard to cut
Energy weighs increasingly heavily on pharma site costs. Air systems, process cooling and steam cannot be reduced and are exposed to price volatility, making internal optimisation complex.
Strict quality and regulatory requirements
No compromise is possible on standards (GMP, FDA, EMA): every change is regulated and may affect the site’s compliance and certification.